Channels of Interprovincial Consumption Risk Sharing in the People’s Republic of China

This paper analyzes consumption risk sharing among provinces in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) during 1980–2007. The analysis finds that 9.4% of shocks to gross provincial product are smoothed by the interprovincial fiscal transfer system. This system also cushions a relatively large percentage of province-specific shocks in coastal areas. Using a variety of indicators, we explored nonfiscal channels of consumption risk sharing. We found that the migration of rural labor to urban areas and the remittance of migrant wages play an important role in promoting interprovincial consumption risk sharing in inland PRC provinces. In contrast, the extent of risk sharing through financial intermediation and capital markets is very limited. These factors have resulted in a low degree of risk sharing among provinces, especially during the last decade.prc provinces; interprovincial fiscal transfers; consumption risk sharing

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma contains multiple clonal T-cell populations derived from a common TET2 mutant progenitor cell

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a neoplastic proliferation of T follicular helper cells with clinical and histological presentations suggesting a role of antigenic drive in its development. Genetically, it is characterized by a step-wise acquisition of somatic mutations, with early mutations involving epigenetic regulators (TET2, DNMT3A) and occurring in haematopoietic stem cells, while subsequent changes involving signaling molecules (RHOA, VAV1, PLCG1, CD28) critical for T-cell biology. To search for evidence of potential oncogenic cooperation between genetic changes and intrinsic TCR signaling, we investigated somatic mutations and T-cell receptor β (TRB) rearrangement in 119 AITL, 11 peripheral T-cell lymphomas with T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) and 25 PTCL-NOS by Fluidigm PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We confirmed frequent TET2, DNMT3A and RHOA mutations in AITL (72%, 34%, 61%) and PTCL-TFH (73%, 36%, 45%) and showed multiple TET2 mutations (2-3) in 57% of the involved AITL and PTCL-TFH. Clonal TRB rearrangement was seen in 73 cases with multiple functional rearrangements (2-4) in 18 cases (24%). On selected cases, we confirmed bi-clonal T-cell populations and further demonstrated that these independent T-cell populations harbored identical TET2 mutations by BaseScope in situ hybridization, suggesting their derivation from a common TET2 mutant progenitor cell population. Furthermore, both T-cell populations express CD4. Finally, in comparison with tonsillar TFH cells, both AITL and PTCL-TFH showed a significant over-representation of several TRB variable family members, particularly TRBV19*01. Our findings suggest the presence of parallel neoplastic evolutions from a common TET2 mutant haematopoietic progenitor pool in AITL and PTCL-TFH albeit to be confirmed in a large series of cases. The biased TRBV usage in these lymphomas suggests that antigenic stimulation may play an important role in predilection of T-cells to clonal expansion and malignant transformation.Bloodwise (13006, 15019) UK, Kay Kendal Leukemia Fund (KKL582) UK, and Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, UK

Characterization of Wave Propagation in Thin Laminated Plates

This is an electronic version of an article published in Du, C., Ni, Q. & Natsuki, T. (2010). Characterization of Wave Propagation in Thin Laminated Plates. [Materials and Manufacturing Processes is available online at: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/10426910903426349The formulae including the in-plane stiffness and bending stiffness coefficients and coupling effect in out-plane were presented for analyzing characterization of wave propagation. Using the present formulae, the wave velocities can be calculated in any case of laminated plates including nonsymmetric lamination. In this study, the characteristics of wave propagation in thin laminated plates were investigated in detail. Five modes including symmetric modes and antisymmetric modes were obtained from the proposed formulae. For each mode, the wave velocities of laminated plates were investigated in different conditions such as plate thickness, stacking sequence, and vibrational frequency.ArticleMATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. 25(4):259-263 (2010)journal articl